Hemispheres 3.0 – Level I Brain Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

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• Which sinus receives blood from the top of the brain and serves as the main sinus for CSF return?
• What is the normal circulating CSF volume in adults?
• Being valveless, the dural venous sinuses allow which type of blood flow?
• Which structure connects with the reticular activating system and plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle?
• Which lobe is associated with auditory processing, language, and memory?
• Dural venous sinuses are channels between which layers of the dura mater, receiving blood from deep cerebral and superficial cortical veins to drain blood from the cranial cavity out through which veins?
• Which dural venous sinus is the largest?
• Which lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing?
• Which structure enables interhemispheric communication by connecting analogous areas between the left and right hemispheres?
• Which artery is the largest branch off the vertebral artery?
• Which cranial nerve primarily mediates most eye movements, eyelid elevation, and pupil constriction?
• The amygdala connects to which structure?
• Which arteries supply the face and the anterior portion of the neck, including the tongue, palate, tonsils, larynx, salivary and thyroid glands?
• Which term refers to the nerve cell bodies that form the thinking part of the brain and spinal cord?
• CSF buoyancy reduces the brain’s apparent weight. Approximately what does the brain’s weight decrease from and to when supported by CSF?
• Which lobe contains the primary auditory cortex?
• Which MCA segment courses over the insular area in the lateral sulcus and commonly bifurcates into superior and inferior cortical branches?
• Which sinuses are described as a pair located on the inside of the base of the skull running toward the ears?
• Areas providing fine motor movement require ______ amount of cortical tissue.
• The midbrain is also known as which term?
• The hypothalamus surrounds the lower part of which ventricle?
• What is the arterial circle that connects the brain's anterior and posterior blood supplies?
• CSF is formed by filtration of plasma in the choroid plexus. Which structure is primarily responsible for CSF formation?
• Which statement is true about cerebellar nerve fibers?
• Location of the thalamus?
• Which nerve carries taste from the posterior third of the tongue?
• Which artery is most frequently affected by stroke?
• Which region receives and processes visual input from the retina?
• Which area is involved in the perception of sound stimuli and the ability to differentiate between a scream, thunder, or music?
• What term describes the area above the tentorium where the cerebrum is located?
• Which artery perfuses the frontal lobe (superior and medial aspects including primary motor cortex for leg and urinary bladder), the parietal lobe (anterior aspects including primary somatosensory cortex for leg and foot), and the corpus callosum?
• Which artery supplies the superior cerebellum and small penetrating branches to deeper cerebellar areas?
• The hypothalamus regulates what aspect related to the pituitary gland?
• Which artery supplies the thalamus, hypothalamus, and optic chiasm?
• Which nerve innervates eye movement outward (lateral)?
• What term describes white matter bundles that carry information between different parts of the brain and spinal cord?
• Which layer is the inner layer that covers the arachnoid mater and splits in some areas to form dural folds and venous sinuses?
• Superior cortical branches of the MCA supply mainly which lobes?
• Which term describes the mental image of sounds of a word before speaking?
• Which brain region contains the nuclei responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as respiration and heart rate?
• Which region of the parietal lobe controls touch, temperature, and pain on the contralateral side of the body?
• Which artery supplies the lateral aspect of the medulla oblongata?
• Which lobe is associated with higher thinking, voluntary movement, and speech?
• Which sinus is located in the midline between the two hemispheres, running from front to back along the inferior edge of the falx cerebri?
• Frontal eye fields are located in which lobe?
• Which dural venous sinus is located at the top of the cerebrum in the falx cerebri between the two cerebral hemispheres?
• Reducing CSF volume in the skull is proposed to decrease intracranial pressure and thereby increase cerebral perfusion. Which statement best describes this effect?
• Right and left vertebral arteries join to form which artery?
• Which fiber type comprises ascending or descending long tracts connecting the cerebral cortex to deep brain structures, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord?
• Which nerve in the medulla provides motor to the larynx and pharynx and autonomic control of thoracic and abdominal organs, as well as visceral sensation and pharyngeal taste?
• Perception of body in space (nondominant hemisphere) is located in which lobe?
• Which artery is a single short shunt connecting the left and right anterior cerebral arteries?
• What term describes the myelinated nerve fiber tracts responsible for conduction within the brain and spinal cord?
• Which artery branches off each side of the basilar artery with small penetrating branches?
• The internal carotid arteries give rise to which two major cerebral arteries?
• Which artery originates from the internal carotid and is part of the circle of Willis, providing collateral flow to the opposite side via the anterior communicating artery?
• The transverse sinuses are also known by which term?
• The amygdala is primarily involved in what function?
• What is the primary function of the transverse sinuses?
• Which cerebellar subdivision is associated with balance and equilibrium?
• Which lobe houses the primary visual cortex?
• What percentage of people have a complete circle of Willis?
• Which statement correctly describes CSF production and circulation?
• Which dural venous sinus is described as a paired vessel located on the inside of the base of the skull running toward the ears?
• Which space lies between the dura mater and arachnoid mater and is seen when filled with blood after trauma?
• Which MCA segment comprises the opercular segments?
• What is the potential space between the skull and dura mater that can fill with blood after trauma?
• Which dural fold is the second largest and separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?
• Which brain lobe is described as controlling movement on the contralateral side of the body?
• Which structure forms CSF by filtering plasma?
• Which nerve located in the medulla oblongata raises the pharynx to swallow or talk and carries taste from the back third of the tongue?
• Which nerve carries taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
• Which is the middle spiderweb-like layer?
• Which circulatory system includes the internal carotid arteries and their branches ACA and MCA?
• Which lobe contains both the primary auditory cortex and the auditory association area?
• Which potential space lies between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater and is seen when filled with blood, usually from trauma?
• Which area of the frontal lobe functions as the motor speech area, responsible for speech production and articulation?
• Which structure connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum?
• Which nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?
• What percentage of brain blood is provided by vertebral arteries and at what rate?
• Which sinus drains blood from the inferior sagittal sinus toward the transverse sinuses?
• Which brain area is known as the motor speech area?
• Which structure separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes?
• Thalamus function?
• Which statement is true about the transverse sinuses?
• Which hemisphere functions include artistic skills and spatial orientation and typically control the left visual field and left-sided motor control?
• Which structure joins the cerebrum to the spinal cord?
• Which parietal region stores past sensory experiences to relate new sensory input to old?
• In the dominant hemisphere, usually the left, which area is associated with phonologic retrieval and comprehension of written and spoken language?
• Between capillaries and interstitial fluid, what structure regulates which substances reach brain tissue?
• Which layer of the dura mater separates in some areas to form dural folds and venous sinuses?
• Which cerebellar region coordinates trunk movements from the neck to the hips?
• Site of pyramidal decussation?
• Which frontal lobe area serves as the motor speech region for speech production?
• Which artery is described as the single midline artery formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries at the bottom of the pons?
• Which structure is formed by many cranial projection fibers and is located near the basal ganglia and thalamus?
• Which ventricle is located between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum and continues to the central canal of the spinal cord?
• Which area is the primary auditory cortex, responsible for reception of sound qualities such as pitch, rhythm, and loudness?
• Which cerebellar region is most associated with coordinating limb movements?
• Which brain region is primarily responsible for coordination, balance, and muscle tone?
• Which nerve in the medulla is responsible for head turning and shoulder shrugging?
• Which structure is located within the ventricles and is primarily responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which artery originates from the internal carotid and is part of the circle of Willis, with collateral flow possible via the anterior communicating artery?
• Damage to ARAS may result in?
• Which artery connects the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation and supplies the thalamus, hypothalamus, and optic chiasm?
• Which artery supplies the pons through perforating arteries and also supplies the cerebellum and posterior cerebrum?
• Pyramidal decussation occurs in which brainstem?
• Which brain region is involved in regulating respiration and cardiovascular autonomic functions?
• Where are the lateral ventricles located?
• Thalamus connects with ARAS and participates in the sleep-wake cycle?
• What term refers to the localization of a function to one side of the brain?
• Which fiber connects the speech areas of Broca and Wernicke?
• Which layer is the outermost portion that adheres to the cranial vault and serves as the periosteum of the skull?
• What is the normal total cell count in CSF?
• What is the normal CSF specific gravity range?
• Where is the hypothalamus located?
• Which area receives sensory information from the skin at the site of the stimulus from the opposite side of the body?
• The vertebral arteries join to form which artery?
• Which lobe is associated with recognition, sensory perception, and language?
• CSF circulates through the brain and spinal cord and is reabsorbed into the venous circulation. Through which structures does this reabsorption primarily occur?
• Which structure is a tough, fibrous membrane composed of two layers, the periosteal and the meningeal layers?
• Which option best matches the description: almond-shaped mass of grey matter located in the temporal lobe?
• Which portion of the reticular formation is involved in autonomic control like respiration and heart rate?
• Which artery supplies blood mainly to the occipital lobe, inferior surface of the temporal lobe, midbrain, and thalamus?
• Inferior cortical branches supply mainly which lobe?
• Which layer forms the outermost protective covering of the brain when the meninges are considered as a whole?
• What channels connect the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle?
• Projection fibers are primarily composed of which type of connection?
• Processing pain and emotions is associated with which brain region listed here?
• The lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle through which foramen?
• Arachnoid granulations are located in which of the following locations?
• Which structure relays impulses between brain and spinal cord?
• The average CSF circulatory volume is approximately how many milliliters?
• Which delicate, innermost layer completely lines the brain and its contours containing networks of capillaries?
• Which frontal lobe region is associated with visual attention and eye movements?
• Which nerve innervates most of the extraocular muscles, including eyelid elevation and pupil constriction?
• Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus' role in homeostasis?
• Which fibers connect regions within the same hemisphere, including short U fibers that connect adjacent gyri?
• The straight sinus drains blood toward which dural venous sinuses?
• Which arteries supply the anterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres and some deeper brain structures?
• CSF is produced at a rate of about 500 ml per day. Which of the following represents this rate?
• Which artery is formed by division of the basilar artery and continues to the back of the brain?
• Which hemisphere is typically dominant for language and analytical reasoning?
• Which cortical area is primarily involved in voluntary motor control?
• Which structure forms the largest dural fold at the midline separating the two cerebral hemispheres?
• Which cranial nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?
• Which artery is the principal supplier of the occipital lobe?
• Where does the left common carotid artery originate?
• The midbrain contains nuclei that coordinate eye movements and auditory reflexes. Which brain region is this describing?
• Which association fiber connects the parietal, temporal, occipital and frontal lobes?
• Arachnoid granulations are specialized structures formed from which meningeal layer?
• Which is the largest dural fold that separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres along the longitudinal fissure?
• Which MCA segment is known as the opercular segments?
• What is the CSF-filled space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater that is continuous between the brain and spinal cord?
• Which brain region receives input from multiple cortical areas to support higher-level executive functions in the moment?
• Which term includes anterior (green), flocculonodular (Orange), posterior (purple), vermis (blue)?
• Which cranial nerve controls tongue movement (motor)?
• The straight sinus is located at the junction between which structures?
• What is the narrowest part of the ventricular system?
• Which nerve in the pons is involved in facial expression, saliva and tear production, and taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
• Which nerve provides facial sensation and controls chewing?
• Type of nerve fibers in the medulla oblongata?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
• Pyramidal decussation effect on muscles below the neck?
• The inner meningeal layer of the dura separates from the periosteal layer to form reflections that compartmentalize the brain. What are these reflections called?
• Primary somatosensory cortex for face, trunk, and arms is in which lobe?
• Which brain region consists of small neural networks of gray matter with white matter tracts ascending to cortex and descending to spinal cord?
• The arteries that join to form the basilar artery are part of which cerebral circulation?
• Basal ganglia are best described as which of the following?
• What is the normal intracranial pressure range?
• Which artery is a single midline artery formed from the fusion of left and right vertebral arteries and located at the bottom of the pons?
• Which region receives input from multiple cortical areas to support higher-level executive functions in the moment?
• Which arterial ring at the base of the brain forms a circular anastomosis connecting the brain's anterior and posterior circulations?
• What is the thick, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the skull surface called?
• Which area is responsible for recognition of familiar objects?
• Which ventricle is located in the narrow channel between the cerebral hemispheres and communicates with the lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monro?
• The cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) connects the third ventricle to which ventricle?
• Which arteries carry blood from the heart to the base of the skull?
• What is the primary function of dural folds?
• The midbrain processes sight, sound, and related reflexes. Which is a correct description of its function?
• The straight sinus receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus and drains toward which sinuses?
• Which sinus receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus?
• What term describes the area below the tentorium where the cerebellum and brainstem reside?
• Which artery supplies the anterior inferior cerebellum and parts of the pons?
• Which hemisphere functions are usually dominant for language and analytical reasoning?
• What is the final drainage path for venous blood collected by the dural venous sinuses?
• Which MCA segment corresponds to the cortical branches that are the most distal and extend across the lateral surfaces of the brain?
• Ascending reticular activating system function?
• The inferior sagittal sinus drains blood from which brain regions into the straight sinus?
• The primary function of the hippocampus is what?
• Cerebral veins and dural venous sinuses drain blood out through which veins?
• Which fibers connect similar areas of the right and left hemispheres, enabling the two sides to work in tandem?
• Which structure is used as a landmark for intracranial pressure monitoring?
• Which nerve is responsible for eye movements downward and inward?
• What collects blood within the brain and allows it to exit the skull?
• Which statement best describes the location of the transverse sinuses?
• What is the normal CSF total protein range, with possible higher values in elderly and infants?
• Which auditory area is described as being involved in the perception of sound and language function?
• Sensory speech area - Wernicke's (dominant) is located in which lobe?
• PICA supplies which regions?
• Which arteries give rise to the basilar artery?
• Which statement best describes the basal ganglia?
• Which space lies between the arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which cortical area is described as plans and programs movements?
• Motor speech area (Broca's) is located in which lobe?
• Identify the structure described as a gray matter collection located under the temporal lobe and shaped like a seahorse.
• Which of the following describes the appearance of normal CSF?
• The corpus callosum is an example of which type of white matter fiber tract?
• Which arteries supply the largest amount of blood to the head and neck?
• Which sinus is located at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebri?
• Which structures are included in the basal ganglia?
• The medulla oblongata and cerebellum, occipital lobe, posterior temporal lobe, and thalamus are supplied by branches from which arteries?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of CSF?
• Which arteries supply the brainstem, cerebellum, occipital lobe, posterior temporal lobe and thalamus?
• Transverse sinuses drain blood toward which veins?
• Which brain area relates new visual experiences to old and interprets motion, color, and form?
• Reticular formation function?
• Which brain region is the origin site for cranial nerves III through XII?
• Which network sustains wakefulness and awareness?
• Which MCA segment is the horizontal segment, the most proximal main stem that begins as a wide single artery and continues horizontally under the frontal lobe?
• Which cerebellum part is primarily involved in balance and vestibulo-ocular reflex?
• Where are the transverse sinuses located?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for autonomic control of the heart, lungs, and GI tract?
• Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?
• The amygdala is described as which kind of structure?
• Broca's area, the motor speech area, is located in which lobe?
• Which brain structure is primarily responsible for motor function and is assisted by premotor and sensory cortices, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia?
• Which statement about the right hemisphere is true?
• Lenticulostriate arteries branch off which MCA segment?
• PICA stands for which artery?
• Which reflex pathway area is associated with swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing?
• The vertebral arteries originate as the first branches of which arteries bilaterally?
• What is the normal CSF glucose value?
• Through which canals do the internal carotid arteries ascend into the skull?
• Which region contains the primary motor cortex for face, trunk, and arms?
• Which structures are located within the ventricles and form cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which nerve is primarily responsible for sensation of the face and motor functions for mastication?
• Nerve cell bodies that form the thinking part of the brain and spinal cord are called what?
• Where does the right common carotid artery originate?